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• Author : Guergana Guerova
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2021-04-15
• Total pages :300
• ISBN : 012819152X

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Summary : Global Navigation Satellite System Monitoring of the Atmosphere begins by introducing GNSS, its components, and signals. Then it explains the basics of the atmosphere starting from the ionosphere to the troposphere. The GNSS tropospheric monitoring is separated for application in numerical weather prediction and nowcasting. Further chapters focus on the application of GNSS for monitoring the climate as well as soil, vegetation, and snow. Finally, the book concludes by discussing GNSS processing along with introducing the latest developments and applications for using atmospheric data to provide precise real time GNSS products. Explains how understanding of the atmosphere and its variability derives accurate geodetic information through GNSS Includes the state of the art in GNSS capabilities for Earth System Monitoring Provides an interdisciplinary view of the subjects from both an atmospheric science perspective and geodesy

• Author : Peter Teunissen,Oliver Montenbruck
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2017-06-16
• Total pages :1327
• ISBN : 9783319429281

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Summary : This Handbook presents a complete and rigorous overview of the fundamentals, methods and applications of the multidisciplinary field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), providing an exhaustive, one-stop reference work and a state-of-the-art description of GNSS as a key technology for science and society at large. All global and regional satellite navigation systems, both those currently in operation and those under development (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, IRNSS/NAVIC, SBAS), are examined in detail. The functional principles of receivers and antennas, as well as the advanced algorithms and models for GNSS parameter estimation, are rigorously discussed. The book covers the broad and diverse range of land, marine, air and space applications, from everyday GNSS to high-precision scientific applications and provides detailed descriptions of the most widely used GNSS format standards, covering receiver formats as well as IGS product and meta-data formats. The full coverage of the field of GNSS is presented in seven parts, from its fundamentals, through the treatment of global and regional navigation satellite systems, of receivers and antennas, and of algorithms and models, up to the broad and diverse range of applications in the areas of positioning and navigation, surveying, geodesy and geodynamics, and remote sensing and timing. Each chapter is written by international experts and amply illustrated with figures and photographs, making the book an invaluable resource for scientists, engineers, students and institutions alike.

• Author : Joseph L. Awange
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-05-15
• Total pages :382
• ISBN : 9783540882565

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Summary : Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are revolutionizing the world in a way their original developers never envisaged. From being military “war” tools, GNSS satellites are rapidly becoming “peace” tools that play a potentially critical role in enabling changing environmental phenomenon that do not permit direct measurements to be remotely observed via their all-weather, highly accurate and continuously updatable positional time series. This is evident, for example, in their use in emerging environmental monitoring methods that are considered in this book. These include: GPS-based radio telemetry, which is enhancing ecological and conservation monitoring by more accurately mapping animal movements, their behaviours, and their impact on the environment; GNSS-meteorology, which is contributing to weather and climate change studies; GNSS-remote sensing, which, for example, allows the rapid monitoring of changes in fresh water resources and cryosphere; Geosensor network techniques, which are earning a crucial role in disaster response management; Epidemiology, for improved efficiency in tracking and studying the spread of infectious diseases and climate change effects on vector-borne diseases; and Economics, to provide data for the econometric modelling of casual impact of policies. In Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA), and Sustainability Assessments (SA), GNSS, together with other spaced-based remote sensing techniques, are emerging, not only as modern tools that connect the developers to the community, but also provide information that support Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) methods, which inform decision making and policy formulations. By bringing the two fields of geodesy (the parent of GNSS technology) and environmental studies (potential users of this technology), this book presents the concepts of GNSS in a simplified way that can, on the one hand, be understood and utilised by environmentalists, while on the other, outlines its potential applications to environmental monitoring and management for those engaged more with its technology, which hopefully will further energise the already innovative research that is being carried out. Lastly, this book is most relevant to all the professionals whose work is related to the environment such as hydrologists, meteorologists, epidemiologists, economist, and engineers, to name just a few. A comprehensive yet candid and compelling presentation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems and its application to environmental monitoring and a host of other socio-economic activities. This is an essential and new ground breaking reading for all professional practitioners and even academics seeking to study and become involved in using Global Navigation Satellite Systems in diverse fields ranging from environmental monitoring to economic activities such as monitoring weather and climate in order to design crop failure insurance. Nathaniel O. Agola, Professor of Business and Financial Economics, Ritsumeikan University, Japan

• Author : Dejian Kong
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019-05-24
• Total pages :270
• ISBN : 9789403512334

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Summary : It has come to pass that national security, economic growth, and transportation safety – not to mention such infrastructure as banking and electricity – are severely dependent on the positioning information, navigation capabilities, and time dissemination provided by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). However, GNSS is not risk-free. The more humanity depends on GNSS, the more risks it has to face. It is irresponsible to wait for an accident to happen merely to justify the need for an appropriate GNSS civil liability regime. This hugely important book examines the structure of such a regime in unprecedented depth and proposes a uniform governance structure composed of an institutional framework and a legal system for GNSS, with safety-of-life signals at its core. Exploring whether the current international law (including air law and space law conventions) is adequate to deal with the issue of civil liability in the context of GNSS, the author confronts and responds to such crucial issues as the following: ensuring that parties suffering damage caused by GNSS get fair, prompt, and adequate compensation; balancing the interests of the GNSS industry in order for it to maintain its sustainable development; identifying legal gaps arising in the GNSS context and how we should move forward; determining which parts of the value chain of GNSS may qualify as origins of damage; and construing GNSS civil liability mainly from contractual, product, and general tort liability perspectives. The author assesses various solutions for GNSS civil liability based on their feasibility, including an institutional defence against the doctrine of sovereign immunity and recommendations on how several international organisations can work together in this endeavour. He examines scholarships, travaux préparatoires, conference documents, and treaties, as well as national legislation. A hypothetical case where damage is caused by GNSS is elaborated, illustrating each legal relationship and causal link. In its committed urging of GNSS signal providers to improve the stability of the satellite navigation systems and its insightful recommendations on how to promote public safety, this book offers a roadmap indicating a truly viable international regime of GNSS civil liability. Relevant international organisations and States, as well as practitioners, are sure to respond positively to its unique and important analysis.

• Author : Jonathan Jones,Guergana Guerova,Jan Douša,Galina Dick,Siebren de Haan,Eric Pottiaux,Olivier Bock,Rosa Pacione,Roeland van Malderen
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019-09-16
• Total pages :563
• ISBN : 9783030139018

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Summary : The book (COST Action Final report) summarises the proceedings from COST Action ES1206. COST Action ES1206, Advanced GNSS Tropospheric Products for Severe Weather Events and Climate (GNSS4SWEC), was a 4-year project, running from 2013 to 2017, which coordinated new and improved capabilities from concurrent developments in GNSS, meteorological and climate communities. For the first time, the synergy of multi-GNSS constellations was used to develop new, more advanced tropospheric products, exploiting the full potential of multi-GNSS on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales - from real-time products monitoring and forecasting severe weather, to the highest quality post-processed products suitable for climate research. The Action also promoted the use of meteorological data as an input to real-time GNSS positioning, navigation, and timing services and has stimulated knowledge and data transfer throughout Europe and beyond.

• Author : Ghenadii Korotcenkov
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-03-15
• Total pages :372
• ISBN : 9781351400640

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Summary : The first volume of The Handbook of Humidity Measurement focuses on the review of devices based on optical principles of measurement such as optical UV, fluorescence hygrometers, optical and fiber-optic sensors of various types. Numerous methods for monitoring the atmosphere have been developed in recent years, based on measuring the absorption of electromagnetic field in different spectral ranges. These methods, covering the optical (FTIR and Lidar techniques), as well as a microwave and THz ranges are discussed in detail in this volume. The role of humidity-sensitive materials in optical and fiber-optic sensors is also detailed. This volume describes the reasons for controlling the humidity, features of water and water vapors, and units used for humidity measurement.

• Author : Niklaus Kämpfer
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-09-13
• Total pages :328
• ISBN : 9781461439097

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Summary : Atmospheric water plays a key role in climate. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and its condensed forms exert a profound influence on both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. Unfortunately, accurate, height-resolved global-scale measurements of atmospheric humidity are difficult to obtain. The change in concentration of five orders of magnitude form the ground to the stratosphere means there is no standard instrument that will measure everywhere. This has led to different measuring techniques, all with strengths and weaknesses. This book assesses all presently available techniques that are used in monitoring networks. Special weight is given to presenting the different technical concepts, the accuracy of different sensor types, addresses calibration issues and retrieval aspects.

• Author : Ulrich Foelsche,Gottfried Kirchengast,Andrea Steiner
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2006-08-11
• Total pages :336
• ISBN : 9783540341215

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Summary : This book presents carefully edited and peer-reviewed papers from the 2nd International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate (OPAC-2), held in Graz, Austria. It starts with a general introductory paper and proceeds to address the full range from methodology in general via specific occultation methods (GNSS-LEO, LEO-LEO, stellar and solar) to the use of occultation data, with focus on atmospheric physics, meteorology and climate.

• Author : Gottfried Kirchengast,Ulrich Foelsche,Andrea Steiner
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-03-09
• Total pages :408
• ISBN : 9783662090411

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Summary : Use of occultation methodology for observing the Earth's atmosphere and climate has become so broad as to comprise solar, lunar, stellar, navigation and satellite crosslink occultation methods. The atmospheric parameters obtained extend from the fundamental variables temperature, density, pressure, water vapor, and ozone via a multitude of trace gas species to particulate species such as aerosols and cloud liquid water. Ionospheric electron density is sensed as well. The methods all share the key properties of self-calibration, high accuracy and vertical resolution, global coverage, and (if using radio signals) all-weather capability. Occultation data are thus of high value in a wide range of fields including climate monitoring and research, atmospheric physics and chemistry, operational meteorology, and other fields such as space weather and planetary science. This wide area of variants and uses of the occultation method has led to a diversi fication of the occultation-related scientific community into a range of different sub-communities, however. The 1st International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Cli mate-OPAC-1- held September 16-20, 2002, in Graz, Austria, has set in ex actly at this point. OPAC-1 aimed at providing a casual forum and stimulating at mosphere fertilizing scientific discourse, co-operation initiatives, and mutual learning and support amongst members of all the different sub-communities. The workshop was attended by about 80 participants from 17 different countries who actively contributed to a scientific programme of high quality and to an excellent workshop atmosphere, which was judged by the participants to have fully met the aims expressed.

• Author : Shuanggen Jin,Estel Cardellach,Feiqin Xie
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-10-01
• Total pages :276
• ISBN : 9789400774827

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Summary : The versatile and available GNSS signals can detect the Earth’s surface environments as a new, highly precise, continuous, all-weather and near-real-time remote sensing tool. This book presents the theory and methods of GNSS remote sensing as well as its applications in the atmosphere, oceans, land and hydrology. Ground-based atmospheric sensing, space-borne atmospheric sensing, reflectometry, ocean remote sensing, hydrology sensing as well as cryosphere sensing with the GNSS will be discussed per chapter in the book.

• Author : Joseph L. Awange
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-05-15
• Total pages :382
• ISBN : 9783540882565

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Summary : Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are revolutionizing the world in a way their original developers never envisaged. From being military “war” tools, GNSS satellites are rapidly becoming “peace” tools that play a potentially critical role in enabling changing environmental phenomenon that do not permit direct measurements to be remotely observed via their all-weather, highly accurate and continuously updatable positional time series. This is evident, for example, in their use in emerging environmental monitoring methods that are considered in this book. These include: GPS-based radio telemetry, which is enhancing ecological and conservation monitoring by more accurately mapping animal movements, their behaviours, and their impact on the environment; GNSS-meteorology, which is contributing to weather and climate change studies; GNSS-remote sensing, which, for example, allows the rapid monitoring of changes in fresh water resources and cryosphere; Geosensor network techniques, which are earning a crucial role in disaster response management; Epidemiology, for improved efficiency in tracking and studying the spread of infectious diseases and climate change effects on vector-borne diseases; and Economics, to provide data for the econometric modelling of casual impact of policies. In Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA), and Sustainability Assessments (SA), GNSS, together with other spaced-based remote sensing techniques, are emerging, not only as modern tools that connect the developers to the community, but also provide information that support Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) methods, which inform decision making and policy formulations. By bringing the two fields of geodesy (the parent of GNSS technology) and environmental studies (potential users of this technology), this book presents the concepts of GNSS in a simplified way that can, on the one hand, be understood and utilised by environmentalists, while on the other, outlines its potential applications to environmental monitoring and management for those engaged more with its technology, which hopefully will further energise the already innovative research that is being carried out. Lastly, this book is most relevant to all the professionals whose work is related to the environment such as hydrologists, meteorologists, epidemiologists, economist, and engineers, to name just a few. A comprehensive yet candid and compelling presentation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems and its application to environmental monitoring and a host of other socio-economic activities. This is an essential and new ground breaking reading for all professional practitioners and even academics seeking to study and become involved in using Global Navigation Satellite Systems in diverse fields ranging from environmental monitoring to economic activities such as monitoring weather and climate in order to design crop failure insurance. Nathaniel O. Agola, Professor of Business and Financial Economics, Ritsumeikan University, Japan

• Author : Andrea Steiner,Barbara Pirscher,Ulrich Foelsche,Gottfried Kirchengast
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2009-09-18
• Total pages :316
• ISBN : 3642003214

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Summary : This book presents edited and peer-reviewed papers from the 3rd International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate (OPAC-3), held in Austria. It provides a key reference on the current status in the field and looks toward new horizons.

• Author : COSPAR. Scientific Commission A.
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2002
• Total pages :288
• ISBN : STANFORD:36105112801050

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• Author : National Academy of Engineering
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-04-27
• Total pages :284
• ISBN : 9780309222754

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Summary : The Global Positioning System (GPS) has revolutionized the measurement of position, velocity, and time. It has rapidly evolved into a worldwide utility with more than a billion receiver sets currently in use that provide enormous benefits to humanity: improved safety of life, increased productivity, and wide-spread convenience. Global Navigation Satellite Systems summarizes the joint workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems held jointly by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Engineering on May 24-25, 2011 at Hongqiao Guest Hotel in Shanghai, China. "We have one world, and only one set of global resources. It is important to work together on satellite navigation. Competing and cooperation is like Yin and Yang. They need to be balanced," stated Dr. Charles M. Vest, President of the National Academy of Engineering, in the workshop's opening remarks. Global Navigation Satellite Systems covers the objectives of the workshop, which explore issues of enhanced interoperability and interchangeability for all civil users aimed to consider collaborative efforts for countering the global threat of inadvertent or illegal interference to GNSS signals, promotes new applications for GNSS, emphasizing productivity, safety, and environmental protection. The workshop featured presentations chosen based on the following criteria: they must have relevant engineering/technical content or usefulness; be of mutual interest; offer the opportunity for enhancing GNSS availability, accuracy, integrity, and/or continuity; and offer the possibility of recommendations for further actions and discussions. Global Navigation Satellite Systems is an essential report for engineers, workshop attendees, policy makers, educators, and relevant government agencies.

• Author : Guochang Xu
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2007-10-05
• Total pages :340
• ISBN : 9783540727156

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Summary : This, the second edition of the hugely practical reference and handbook describes kinematic, static and dynamic Global Positioning System theory and applications. It is primarily based upon source-code descriptions of the KSGSoft program developed by the author and his colleagues and used in the AGMASCO project of the EU. This is the first book to report the unified GPS data processing method and algorithm that uses equations for selectively eliminated equivalent observations.

• Author : Anonim
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2009
• Total pages :229
• ISBN : 1848269862

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• Author : Emilio Chuvieco,Jonathan Li,Xiaojun Yang
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2010-08-04
• Total pages :283
• ISBN : 9048190851

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Summary : Global Change studies are increasingly being considered a vital source of information to understand the Earth Environment, in particular in the framework of human-induced climate change and land use transformation. Satellite Earth Observing systems provide a unique tool to monitor those changes. While the range of applications and innovative techniques is constantly increasing, this book provides a summary of key case studies where satellite data offer critical information to understand the causes and effects of those environmental changes, minimizing their negative impacts. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of remote sensing, geographical information, meteorology and environmental sciences. Also scientists and graduate up to post-graduate level students in environmental science will find valuable information in this book.

• Author : Alessandra Arrojado Lisbôa Andrade
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2001
• Total pages :221
• ISBN : UOM:39015055451036

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Summary : This book constitutes a valuable practical guide to satellite air navigation, communication and aviation safety. It covers, in depth, legal, economic and technical issues on the subjects and offers well-researched analyses on key areas and issues.

• Author : Lou-Chuang Lee,Christian Rocken,Robert Kursinski
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2001-01-01
• Total pages :384
• ISBN : 9624301352

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Summary : A collection of contributions from many experts from space research institutions in a joint US-Taiwan project, COSMIC - Application of Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate. The COSMIC project data will complement other observing systems and improve global weather analyses. These improved data analyses and forecast will provide significant benefits to aviation and other industries that accurate meteorological forecast are needed . The COSMIC project is a science experience to demonstrate the utility of atmospheric limb surroundings from a constellation of eight low-earth orbiting satellites in operational weather prediction, space weather monitoring and space geodesy.

• Author : Agence spatiale européenne
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :1999
• Total pages :242
• ISBN : CHI:61360816

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Summary :

• Author : World Meteorological Organization
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013
• Total pages :229
• ISBN : MINN:31951P01177743D

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Summary :