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• Author : Jianghui Geng
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2020-12-15
• Total pages :320
• ISBN : 0128164867

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Summary : GNSS Seismogeodesy: Theory and Applications combines GNSS and seismology theory and applications to offer both disciplines the background information needed to combine forces. It explores the opportunities for integrating GNSS and seismometers, as well as applications for earthquake and tsunami early warning applications. It allows seismologists to better understand how GNSS positions are computed and how they can be combined with seismic data and allows geodesists to better understand how to apply GNSS to monitoring of crustal motion. GNSS Seismogeodesy is a valuable reference for researchers and students studying the interdisciplinary connection between GNSS geodesy and strong-motion seismology, as well as working on new approaches for monitoring and predicting geologic hazards. Bridges the gap for geodesists and seismologists to better understand how their fields can be complementary Offers an interdisciplinary approach to GNSS geodesy and strong-motion seismology, showing how high-precision GNSS positions can be combined with seismic data Covers the applications of seismogeodesy to earthquake early warning (EEW) and tsunami early warning (TEW) Includes algorithms and source code examples, as well as links to open source software and data sets

• Author : Jessie Kate Saunders
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019
• Total pages :162
• ISBN : OCLC:1097613540

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Summary : In this dissertation, we explore how high-rate displacement data from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) sensors can be used in combination with other instrumentation, including strong-motion accelerometers and seafloor geodetic sensors, for applications to near-shore tsunami early warning and structural monitoring of earthquakes. Accurate estimates of fault slip amount and along-strike rupture extent are necessary for determining the coastal extent of high-amplitude tsunami waves. We describe how these values can be estimated using static slip inversions of coseismic data from GNSS sensors used in conjunction with seafloor coseismic data from hypothetical offshore networks. We find that a trench-parallel profile of offshore stations over the deformation front is an optimized offshore network for this approach. We find that the most accurate slip estimates require horizontal seafloor coseismic data which is currently not feasible to obtain in real time. We then explore how using existing real-time technology--high-rate GNSS as well as onshore and offshore three-component strong-motion accelerometers--could be used in a rapid hypothesis test of modified kinematic slip inversions to confirm the depth of slip location of a megathrust earthquake given that shallow earthquakes produce the most dangerous tsunamis. If the GNSS sensors and accelerometers are collocated, their data can be combined in a Kalman filter to produce seismogeodetic waveforms: broadband displacements that contain the high-frequency information from the accelerometers and low-frequency and static offset information from the GNSS sensors. As the GNSS and seismic monitoring networks were developed independently, many of these stations are not collocated. We compare with a shake table experiment how Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers perform relative to observatory-grade accelerometers at frequencies of interest, and evaluate their applicability to upgrading existing GNSS sensors into seismogeodetic stations for earthquake early warning and rapid response purposes. This experiment demonstrated the utility of the combined seismogeodetic data for structural monitoring, and we provide an example applying seismogeodetic instrumentation to record in-situ building motion for an aging reinforced concrete structure in Oklahoma, an oil producing region that is currently experiencing high rates of induced seismicity.

• Author : Dara Elyse Goldberg
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018
• Total pages :227
• ISBN : OCLC:1079908932

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Summary : This dissertation presents a series of algorithms and plans for implementation of a prototype earthquake early warning system by merging two seismic observation tools: strong motion accelerometers and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The seismogeodetic approach, that which optimally merges these disparate data types, allows a reliable estimation of the earthquake source for early warning procedures from event detection to magnitude estimation and higher order products. We address implementation of this system in a real-time, automated environment, designed to operate without manual oversight. We assess the capabilities of low-cost micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers merged with observatory-grade GNSS for seismic P-wave detection, and suggest statistical methods to determine whether P-wave detections are consistent between stations, which allows for the automated removal of poor quality detections to avoid propagating these errors to higher order warning products. In line with these goals, we demonstrate how seismogeodetic observations contribute to our view of initial rupture dynamics of large earthquakes. We address an open question in seismology regarding the deterministic nature of earthquakes, assessing how early it is possible to fully characterize the source parameters of large, damaging earthquakes. Our seismogeodetic observations suggest that final earthquake magnitude is not discernable from the first few seconds of observation and therefore the earthquake rupture process is not strongly deterministic. We further investigate the complete temporal evolution of seismic moment release to identify the earliest magnitude-dependent features in our observational dataset. We create synthetic rupture models to identify the physical basis responsible for the timing of observed magnitude-dependent qualities. Our findings suggest that earthquake magnitude can be estimated prior to rupture completion, consistent with a weakly deterministic rupture process. These results provide new insights into the best practices for early warning and rapid response, and suggest limitations on the timeliness of earthquake source characterization. Finally, we turn to the built environment to demonstrate the applicability of these multi-instrument sensors to long-term structural health and seismic monitoring, to bolster earthquake and other natural hazard response practices. We describe efforts to characterize local buildings by creating a baseline model for the healthy structure and propose methods by which structural health can be evaluated over time or following a major seismic event to assess building safety without the need for manual inspection. We again assess the capabilities of low-cost MEMS accelerometers and describe the limitations of this lower-quality instrumentation for structural monitoring applications.

• Author : Y. Jade Morton,Frank van Diggelen,James J. Spilker, Jr.,Bradford W. Parkinson,Sherman Lo,Grace Gao
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2020-12-17
• Total pages :2064
• ISBN : 9781119458425

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Summary : Covers the latest developments in PNT technologies, including integrated satellite navigation, sensor systems, and civil applications Featuring sixty-four chapters that are divided into six parts, this two-volume work provides comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art in satellite-based position, navigation, and timing (PNT) technologies and civilian applications. It also examines alternative navigation technologies based on other signals-of-opportunity and sensors and offers a comprehensive treatment on integrated PNT systems for consumer and commercial applications. Volume 1 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications contains three parts and focuses on the satellite navigation systems, technologies, and engineering and scientific applications. It starts with a historical perspective of GPS development and other related PNT development. Current global and regional navigation satellite systems (GNSS and RNSS), their inter-operability, signal quality monitoring, satellite orbit and time synchronization, and ground- and satellite-based augmentation systems are examined. Recent progresses in satellite navigation receiver technologies and challenges for operations in multipath-rich urban environment, in handling spoofing and interference, and in ensuring PNT integrity are addressed. A section on satellite navigation for engineering and scientific applications finishes off the volume. Volume 2 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications consists of three parts and addresses PNT using alternative signals and sensors and integrated PNT technologies for consumer and commercial applications. It looks at PNT using various radio signals-of-opportunity, atomic clock, optical, laser, magnetic field, celestial, MEMS and inertial sensors, as well as the concept of navigation from Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. GNSS-INS integration, neuroscience of navigation, and animal navigation are also covered. The volume finishes off with a collection of work on contemporary PNT applications such as survey and mobile mapping, precision agriculture, wearable systems, automated driving, train control, commercial unmanned aircraft systems, aviation, and navigation in the unique Arctic environment. In addition, this text: Serves as a complete reference and handbook for professionals and students interested in the broad range of PNT subjects Includes chapters that focus on the latest developments in GNSS and other navigation sensors, techniques, and applications Illustrates interconnecting relationships between various types of technologies in order to assure more protected, tough, and accurate PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications will appeal to all industry professionals, researchers, and academics involved with the science, engineering, and applications of position, navigation, and timing technologies. pnt21book.com

• Author : Chiara Colombero,Cesare Comina,Alberto Godio
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2020-12-07
• Total pages :318
• ISBN : 9783039437337

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Summary : The Special Issue is focused on recent and upcoming advances in the combined application of remote sensing and applied geophysics. Applied geophysics analyzes the distribution of physical properties in the subsurface for a wide range of geological, engineering, and environmental applications at different scales. Seismic, electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic methods are among the most applied and well-established geophysical techniques. These methods share the advantages of being non-invasive and exploring wide areas of investigation with respect to conventional methods (e.g., drilling). Geophysical surveys are usually carried out deploying or moving the appropriate instrumentation directly on the ground surface. However, recent technological advances have resulting in the development of innovative acquisition systems becoming more typical of the remote sensing community (e.g., airborne surveys). While applied geophysics mainly focuses on the subsurface, typical remote sensing techniques have the ability to accurately image the Earth’s surface with high-resolution investigations carried out by means of terrestrial, airborne, or satellite-based platforms. The integration of surface and subsurface information is often crucial for several purposes, including the processing of geophysical data, the characterization and time-lapse monitoring of surface and near-surface targets, and the reconstruction of highly detailed and comprehensive 3D models of the investigated areas. Recent contributions showing the added value of surface reconstruction and/or monitoring in the processing, interpretation, and cross-comparison of geophysical techniques for archaeological, environmental, and engineering studies are collected in this book. Pioneering geophysical acquisitions by means of innovative remote systems are also presented.

• Author : Manabu Hashimoto
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-12-09
• Total pages :168
• ISBN : 9783319397689

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Summary : These proceedings contain a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Symposium on Geodesy for Earthquake and Natural Hazards (GENAH), Matsushima, Japan, 22-26 July, 2014. The scientific sessions focused on monitoring temporal and spatial changes in Earth's lithosphere and atmosphere using geodetic satellite systems, high rate GNSS as well as high resolution imaging (InSAR, Lidar). Researchers in various fields of geodesy discussed the role of geodesy in disaster mitigation and how groups with different techniques can collaborate toward such a goal.

• Author : Jiadong Sun,Jingnan Liu,Yuanxi Yang,Shiwei Fan,Wenxian Yu
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2017-05-02
• Total pages :647
• ISBN : 9789811045912

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Summary : These proceedings present selected research papers from CSNC2017, held during 23th-25th May in Shanghai, China. The theme of CSNC2017 is Positioning, Connecting All. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 12 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2017, which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.

• Author : Paolo Gasparini,Gaetano Manfredi,Jochen Zschau
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2007-08-10
• Total pages :350
• ISBN : 9783540722410

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Summary : The book provides information on the major EEW systems in operation and on the state-of-the-art of the different blocks forming an EW system: the rapid detection and estimation of the earthquake’s focal parameters, the signal transmission, the engineering interface and the information reliability/false alarm problem. It is the first time that so many aspects of EEW systems have been specifically focused upon within a single book.

• Author : Friedemann Wenzel,Jochen Zschau
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-08-13
• Total pages :379
• ISBN : 9783642122330

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Summary : The past years have seen new technologies that could be utilized for early warning and real-time loss estimation. They include self-organizing sensor networks, new satellite imagery with high resolution, multi-sensor observational capacities, and crowd sourcing. From this and improved physical models, data processing and communication methodologies a significant step towards better early warning technologies has been achieved by research. At the same time, early warning systems became part of the disaster management practice for instance in Japan and Indonesia. This book marks the important point where: Research activities continue to improve early warning Experience with applications is expanding At this critical point in development of early warning for geological disasters it is timely to provide a volume that documents the state-of-the-art, provides an overview on recent developments and serves as knowledge resource for researcher and practitioners.

• Author : Jens Havskov,Lars Ottemoller
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2010-06-16
• Total pages :347
• ISBN : 9789048186976

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Summary : The purpose of this book is to get a practical understanding of the most common processing techniques in earthquake seismology. The book deals with manual methods and computer assisted methods. Each topic will be introduced with the basic theory followed by practical examples and exercises. There are manual exercises entirely based on the printed material of the book, as well as computer exercises based on public domain software. Most exercises are computer based. The software used, as well as all test data are available from http://extras.springer.com. This book is intended for everyone processing earthquake data, both in the observatory routine and in connection with research. Using the exercises, the book can also be used as a basis for university courses in earthquake processing. Since the main emphasis is on processing, the theory will only be dealt with to the extent needed to understand the processing steps, however references will be given to where more extensive explanations can be found. Includes: • Exercises • Test data • Public domain software (SEISAN) available from http://extras.springer.com

• Author : Peter J.G. Teunissen,Alfred Kleusberg
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-12-06
• Total pages :650
• ISBN : 9783642720116

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Summary : An in-depth description of the theory and mathematical models behind the application of the global positioning system in geodesy and geodynamics. The contributions by leading experts in the field ensure a continuous flow of ideas and developments. The mathematical models for GPS measurements are developed in the first half of the book, and these are followed by GPS solutions for geodetic applications on local, regional and global scales.

• Author : Peter Teunissen,Oliver Montenbruck
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2017-06-16
• Total pages :1327
• ISBN : 9783319429281

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Summary : This Handbook presents a complete and rigorous overview of the fundamentals, methods and applications of the multidisciplinary field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), providing an exhaustive, one-stop reference work and a state-of-the-art description of GNSS as a key technology for science and society at large. All global and regional satellite navigation systems, both those currently in operation and those under development (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, IRNSS/NAVIC, SBAS), are examined in detail. The functional principles of receivers and antennas, as well as the advanced algorithms and models for GNSS parameter estimation, are rigorously discussed. The book covers the broad and diverse range of land, marine, air and space applications, from everyday GNSS to high-precision scientific applications and provides detailed descriptions of the most widely used GNSS format standards, covering receiver formats as well as IGS product and meta-data formats. The full coverage of the field of GNSS is presented in seven parts, from its fundamentals, through the treatment of global and regional navigation satellite systems, of receivers and antennas, and of algorithms and models, up to the broad and diverse range of applications in the areas of positioning and navigation, surveying, geodesy and geodynamics, and remote sensing and timing. Each chapter is written by international experts and amply illustrated with figures and photographs, making the book an invaluable resource for scientists, engineers, students and institutions alike.

• Author : Sooraj Hussain Nandyala
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019-07-23
• Total pages :106
• ISBN : 9783035730135

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Summary : The 42nd volume of "Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering" contains papers that present to readers with the latest results of scientific research and engineering decisions in the fields of the biomechanics, utilization of modern biomaterials for implantation and in tissue engineering, biochemical methods and methods of processing the medical images for the early cancer diagnostic in the current medical practice. We hope that this volume will be useful for many researchers and engineers involved in different branches of modern biomedicine.

• Author : Nico Sneeuw,Pavel Novák,Mattia Crespi,Fernando Sansò
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-02-02
• Total pages :407
• ISBN : 9783642220784

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Summary : The Hotine-Marussi Symposium is the core meeting of a “think thank”, a group scientists in the geodetic environment working on theoretical and methodological subjects, while maintaining the foundations of geodesy to the proper level by corresponding to the strong advancements improved by technological development in the field of ICT, electronic computing, space technology, new measurement devices etc. The proceedings of the symposium cover a broad area of arguments which integrate the foundations of geodesy as a science. The common feature of the papers therefore is not on the object, but rather in the high mathematical standards with which subjects are treated.

• Author : Jari Nurmi,Elena Simona Lohan,Stephan Sand,Heikki Hurskainen
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2014-09-12
• Total pages :402
• ISBN : 9789400718302

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Summary : This book covers multi-band Galileo receivers (especially E1-E5 bands of Galileo) and addresses all receiver building blocks, from the antenna and front end, through details of the baseband receiver processing blocks, up to the navigation processing, including the Galileo message structure and Position, Velocity, Time (PVT) computation. Moreover, hybridization solutions with communications systems for improved localization are discussed and an open-source GNSS receiver platform (available for download) developed at Tampere University of Technology (TUT) is addressed in detail.

• Author : Timothy Dixon, PH D,Timothy H. Dixon,J. Casey Moore
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2007
• Total pages :680
• ISBN : 0231138660

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Summary : Subduction zones, one of the three types of plate boundaries, return Earth's surface to its deep interior. Because subduction zones are gently inclined at shallow depths and depress Earth's temperature gradient, they have the largest seismogenic area of any plate boundary. Consequently, subduction zones generate Earth's largest earthquakes and most destructive tsunamis. As tragically demonstrated by the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami of December 2004, these events often impact densely populated coastal areas and cause large numbers of fatalities. While scientists have a general understanding of the seismogenic zone, many critical details remain obscure. This volume attempts to answer such fundamental concerns as why some interplate subduction earthquakes are relatively modest in rupture length (greater than 100 km) while others, such as the great (M greater than 9) 1960 Chile, 1964 Alaska, and 2004 Sumatra events, rupture along 1000 km or more. Contributors also address why certain subduction zones are fully locked, accumulating elastic strain at essentially the full plate convergence rate, while others appear to be only partially coupled or even freely slipping; whether these locking patterns persist through the seismic cycle; and what is the role of sediments and fluids on the incoming plate. Nineteen papers written by experts in a variety of fields review the most current lab, field, and theoretical research on the origins and mechanics of subduction zone earthquakes and suggest further areas of exploration. They consider the composition of incoming plates, laboratory studies concerning sediment evolution during subduction and fault frictional properties, seismic and geodetic studies, and regional scale deformation. The forces behind subduction zone earthquakes are of increasing environmental and societal importance.

• Author : Jean-Philippe Montillet,Machiel S. Bos
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019-08-16
• Total pages :422
• ISBN : 9783030217181

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Summary : This book provides an essential appraisal of the recent advances in technologies, mathematical models and computational software used by those working with geodetic data. It explains the latest methods in processing and analyzing geodetic time series data from various space missions (i.e. GNSS, GRACE) and other technologies (i.e. tide gauges), using the most recent mathematical models. The book provides practical examples of how to apply these models to estimate seal level rise as well as rapid and evolving land motion changes due to gravity (ice sheet loss) and earthquakes respectively. It also provides a necessary overview of geodetic software and where to obtain them.

• Author : Hans-Peter Plag,Michael Pearlman
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2009-07-25
• Total pages :332
• ISBN : 9783642026874

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Summary : The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) has been established by the Int- national Association of Geodesy (IAG) in order to integrate the three fundamental areas of geodesy, so as to monitor geodetic parameters and their temporal varia- ?9 tions, in a global reference frame with a target relative accuracy of 10 or b- ter. These areas, often called ‘pillars’, deal with the determination and evolution of (a) the Earth’s geometry (topography, bathymetry, ice surface, sea level), (b) the Earth’s rotation and orientation (polar motion, rotation rate, nutation, etc. ), and (c) the Earth’s gravity eld (gravity, geoid). Therefore, Earth Observation on a global scale is at the heart of GGOS’s activities, which contributes to Global Change - search through the monitoring, as well as the modeling, of dynamic Earth processes such as, for example, mass and angular momentum exchanges, mass transport and ocean circulation, and changes in sea, land and ice surfaces. To achieve such an - bitious goal, GGOS relies on an integrated network of current and future terrestrial, airborne and satellite systems and technologies. These include: various positioning, navigation, remote sensing and dedicated gravity and altimetry satellite missions; global ground networks of VLBI, SLR, DORIS, GNSS and absolute and relative gravity stations; and airborne gravity, mapping and remote sensing systems.

• Author : A.J.L. Harris,T. De Groeve,F. Garel,S.A. Carn
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-06-28
• Total pages :683
• ISBN : 9781862397361

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Summary : For effusive volcanoes in resource-poor regions, there is a pressing need for a crisis response-chain bridging the global scientific community to allow provision of standard products for timely humanitarian response. As a first step in attaining this need, this Special Publication provides a complete directory of current operational capabilities for monitoring effusive eruptions. This volume also reviews the state-of-the-art in terms of satellite-based volcano hot-spot tracking and lava-flow simulation. These capabilities are demonstrated using case studies taken from well-known effusive events that have occurred worldwide over the last two decades at volcanoes such as Piton de la Fournaise, Etna, Stromboli and Kilauea. We also provide case-type response models implemented at the same volcanoes, as well as the results of a community-wide drill used to test a fully-integrated response focused on an operational hazard-GIS. Finally, the objectives and recommendations of the ‘Risk Evaluation, Detection and Simulation during Effusive Eruption Disasters’ working group are laid out in a statement of community needs by its members.

• Author : Sichuan Provincial Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction Commission Office
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-05-17
• Total pages :304
• ISBN : 0071802355

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Summary : A dramatic photographic chronicle of one of the century’s greatest natural disasters At 2:30 p.m. on May 12, 2008, China’s Wenchuan County was shaken by a massive earthquake that cost 87,000 lives, destroyed eight million homes, and left 12 million people homeless. For the first time, English-language readers are presented with a close-up look one of the greatest disasters of the 21st century. Every page a full-color photo, When the Earth Shook chronicles the unspeakable devastation to Wenchuan and its inhabitants. From steel buildings twisted into knots to the tireless efforts of rescuers working around the clock to the extraordinary reconstruction of an entire region, When the Earth Shook chronicles the frightening power of nature at its worst—and the remarkable strength of the human spirit in the face of adversity.

• Author : William Hung Kan Lee,S. W. Stewart
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :1981-01-01
• Total pages :293
• ISBN : 9780120188628

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Summary :