Download Network Function Virtualization Book PDF

Download full Network Function Virtualization books PDF, EPUB, Tuebl, Textbook, Mobi or read online Network Function Virtualization anytime and anywhere on any device. Get free access to the library by create an account, fast download and ads free. We cannot guarantee that every book is in the library.

• Author : Ken Gray,Thomas D. Nadeau
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-07-04
• Total pages :270
• ISBN : 9780128023433

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Network Function Virtualization provides an architectural, vendor-neutral level overview of the issues surrounding the large levels of data storage and transmission requirements needed for today's companies, also enumerating the benefits of NFV for the enterprise. Drawing upon years of practical experience, and using numerous examples and an easy-to-understand framework, authors Tom Nadeau and Ken Gary discuss the relevancy of NFV and how it can be effectively used to create and deploy new services. Readers will learn how to determine if network function virtualization is right for their enterprise network, be able to use hands-on, step-by-step guides to design, deploy, and manage NFV in an enterprise, and learn how to evaluate all relevant NFV standards, including ETSI, IETF, Openstack, and Open Daylight. Provides a comprehensive overview of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Discusses how to determine if network function virtualization is right for an enterprise network Presents an ideal reference for those interested in NFV Network Service Chaining, NSC network address translation (NAT), firewalling, intrusion detection, domain name service (DNS), caching, and software defined networks Includes hands-on, step-by-step guides for designing, deploying, and managing NFV in the enterprise Explains, and contrasts, all relevant NFV standards, including ETSI, IETF, Openstack, and Open Daylight

• Author : Ying Zhang
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-01-11
• Total pages :192
• ISBN : 9781119390602

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : A horizontal view of newly emerged technologies in the field of network function virtualization (NFV), introducing the open source implementation efforts that bring NFV from design to reality This book explores the newly emerged technique of network function virtualization (NFV) through use cases, architecture, and challenges, as well as standardization and open source implementations. It is the first systematic source of information about cloud technologies' usage in the cellular network, covering the interplay of different technologies, the discussion of different design choices, and its impact on our future cellular network. Network Function Virtualization: Concepts and Applicability in 5G Networks reviews new technologies that enable NFV, such as Software Defined Networks (SDN), network virtualization, and cloud computing. It also provides an in-depth investigation of the most advanced open source initiatives in this area, including OPNFV, Openstack, and Opendaylight. Finally, this book goes beyond literature review and industry survey by describing advanced research topics such as service chaining, VNF orchestrations, and network verification of NFV systems. In addition, this resource: Introduces network function virtualization (NFV) from both industrial and academic perspectives Describes NFV's usage in mobile core networks, which is the essence of 5G implementation Offers readers a deep dive on NFV's enabling techniques such as SDN, virtualization, and cloud computing Network Function Virtualization: Concepts and Applicability in 5G Networks is an ideal book for researchers and university students who want to keep up with the ever-changing world of network function virtualization.

• Author : Rajendra Chayapathi,Syed F. Hassan,Paresh Shah
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-11-14
• Total pages :368
• ISBN : 9780134464336

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) will drive dramatic cost reductions while also accelerating service delivery. Using NFV with SDN, network owners can provision new functions rapidly on demand, improve scalability, and leverage microservices. Benefits like these will make NFV indispensable for service providers, mobile operators, telcos, and enterprises alike. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) with a Touch of SDN is the first practical introduction to NFV’s fundamental concepts, techniques, and use cases. Written for wide audiences of network engineers, architects, planners, and operators, it assumes no previous knowledge of NFV architecture, deployment, or management. The authors first explain how virtualization, VMs, containers, and related technologies establish the foundation for the NFV transformation. Next, they show how these concepts and technologies can be applied to virtualize network functions in the cloud, data centers, routing, security, and the mobile packet core. You’ll discover new tools and techniques for managing and orchestrating virtualized network devices, and gain new clarity on how SDN and NFV interact and interrelate. By the time you’re done, you’ll be ready to assess vendor claims, evaluate architectures, and plan NFV’s role in your own networks. Understand NFV’s key benefits and market drivers Review how virtualization makes NFV possible Consider key issues associated with NFV network design and deployment Integrate NFV into existing network designs Orchestrate, build, and deploy NFV networks and cloud services Maximize operational efficiency by building more programmable, automated networks Understand how NFV and SDN work together Address security, programmability, performance, and service function chaining Preview evolving concepts that will shape NFV’s future

• Author : Zonghua Zhang,Ahmed Meddahi
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2017-11-20
• Total pages :272
• ISBN : 9780081023716

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : The software and networking industry is experiencing a rapid development and deployment of Network Functions Visualization (NFV) technology, in both enterprise and cloud data center networks. One of the primary reasons for this technological trend is that NFV has the capability to reduce CAPEX and OPEX, whilst increasing networking service efficiency, performance, agility, scalability, and resource utilization. Despite such well-recognized benefits, security remains a major concern of network service providers and seriously impedes the further expansion of NFV. This book is therefore dedicated to investigating and exploring the potential security issues of NFV. It contains three major elements: a thorough overview of the NFV framework and architecture, a comprehensive threat analysis aiming to establish a layer-specific threat taxonomy for NFV enabled networking services, and a series of comparative studies of security best practices in traditional networking scenarios and in NFV, ultimately leading to a set of recommendations on security countermeasures in NFV. This book is primarily intended for engineers, engineering students and researchers and those with an interest in the field of networks and telecommunications (architectures, protocols, services) in general, and particularly software-defined network (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV)-based security services. Extensively studies security issues in NFV Presents a basis or guideline for both academia researchers and industry practitioners to work together to achieve secure and dependable lifecycle management of NFV based network services

• Author : Jim Doherty
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-02-24
• Total pages :320
• ISBN : 9780134307374

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : A Visual Guide to Understanding Software Defined Networks and Network Function Virtualization The simple, visual, at-a-glance guide to SDN and NFV: Core concepts, business drivers, key technologies, and more! SDN (Software Defined Networks) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) are today’s hottest areas of networking. Many executives, investors, sales professionals, and marketers need a solid working understanding of these technologies, but most books on the subject are written specifically for network engineers and other technical experts. SDN and NFV Simplified fills that gap, offering highly visual, “at-a-glance” explanations of SDN, NFV, and their underlying virtualizations. Built around an illustrated, story-telling approach, this answers the questions: Why does this technology matter? How does it work? Where is it used? What problems does it solve? Through easy, whiteboard-style infographics, you’ll learn: how virtualization enables SDN and NFV; how datacenters are virtualized through clouds; how networks can also be virtualized; and how to maximize security, visibility, and Quality of Experience in tomorrow’s fully-virtualized environments. Step by step, you’ll discover why SDN and NFV technologies are completely redefining both enterprise and carrier networks, and driving the most dramatic technology migration since IP networking. That’s not all: You’ll learn all you need to help lead this transformation. Learn how virtualization establishes the foundation for SDN and NFV Review the benefits of VMs, the role of hypervisors, and the management of virtual resources Discover how cloud technologies enable datacenter virtualization Understand the roles of networking gear in virtualized datacenters See VMWare VMotion and VXLAN at work in the virtualized datacenter Understand multitenancy and the challenges of “communal living” Learn how core network functions and appliances can be virtualized Ensure performance and scalability in virtualized networks Compare modern approaches to network virtualization, including OpenFlow, VMWare Nicera, Cisco Inseieme, and OpenStack Walk through the business case for SDN, NFV, and the Cloud Discover how the Software Defined Network (SDN) solves problems previously left unaddressed Understand SDN controllers–and who’s fighting to control your network Use SDN and NFV to improve integration and say goodbye to “truck rolls” Enforce security, avoid data leakage, and protect assets through encryption Provide for effective monitoring and consistent Quality of Experience (QoE) Learn how SDN and NFV will affect you–and what’s next

• Author : IEEE Staff
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019-11-12
• Total pages :229
• ISBN : 1728145465

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) enable rapid networks and services innovation for all participants in the ecosystem Decoupling network functions from the underlying physical infrastructure using virtualization technologies enables Service innovation SDN allows programmability of the NFV infrastructure to support the deployment of new network functions in a variety of environments including campus & enterprise networks, data centers, telecommunications networks providers, cloud providers and over the top (OTT) applications & services NFV enables network capacity and functionality to be decoupled, allowing network functions to be dynamically deployed The 2019 IEEE NFV SDN conference focuses, in addition to the latest NFV concepts and mechanism, on first operational results on studies related to virtualized networks functions (VNFs) as well as new applications of VNFs, which smartens networks and their usage

• Author : Rahamatullah Khondoker
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-01-29
• Total pages :134
• ISBN : 9783319717616

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : This book provides security analyses of several Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) applications using Microsoft’s threat modeling framework STRIDE. Before deploying new technologies in the production environment, their security aspects must be considered. Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) are two new technologies used to increase e.g. the manageability, security and flexibility of enterprise/production/cloud IT environments. Also featuring a wealth of diagrams to help illustrate the concepts discussed, the book is ideally suited as a guide for all IT security professionals, engineers, and researchers who need IT security recommendations on deploying SDN and NFV technologies.

• Author : IEEE Staff
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-11-27
• Total pages :229
• ISBN : 1538682826

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) enable rapid networks and services innovation for all participants in the ecosystem Decoupling network functions from the underlying physical infrastructure using virtualization technologies enables Service innovation SDN allows programmability of the NFV infrastructure to support the deployment of new network functions in a variety of environments including campus & enterprise networks, data centers, telecommunications networks providers, cloud providers and over the top (OTT) applications & services NFV enables network capacity and functionality to be decoupled, allowing network functions to be dynamically deployed The 2018 IEEE NFV SDN conference focuses, in addition to the latest NFV concepts and mechanism, on first operational results on studies related to virtualized networks functions (VNFs) as well as new applications of VNFs, which smartens networks and their usage

• Author : Anonim
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018
• Total pages :229
• ISBN : 1538682818

GET BOOK HERE

Summary :

• Author : Kuinam J. Kim,Nikolai Joukov
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-02-15
• Total pages :1505
• ISBN : 9789811005572

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : This book contains selected papers from the 7th International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA 2016) and provides a snapshot of the latest issues encountered in technical convergence and convergences of security technology. It explores how information science is core to most current research, industrial and commercial activities and consists of contributions covering topics including Ubiquitous Computing, Networks and Information Systems, Multimedia and Visualization, Middleware and Operating Systems, Security and Privacy, Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence, Software Engineering, and Web Technology. The contributions describe the most recent developments in information technology and ideas, applications and problems related to technology convergence, illustrated through case studies, and reviews converging existing security techniques. Through this volume, readers will gain an understanding of the current state-of-the-art information strategies and technologies of convergence security. The intended readers are researchers in academia, industry and other research institutes focusing on information science and technology.

• Author : Dumka, Ankur
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-02-16
• Total pages :364
• ISBN : 9781522536413

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : The advancement of technology is a standard of modern daily life, whether it be the release of a new cellphone, computer, or a self-driving car. Due to this constant advancement, the networks on which these technologies operate must advance as well. Innovations in Software-Defined Networking and Network Functions Virtualization is a critical scholarly publication that observes the advances made in network infrastructure through achieving cost efficacy while maintaining maximum flexibility for the formation and operation of these networks. Featuring coverage on a broad selection of topics, such as software-defined storage, openflow controller, and storage virtualization, this publication is geared toward professionals, computer engineers, academicians, students, and researchers seeking current and relevant research on the advancements made to network infrastructures.

• Author : IEEE Staff
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2020-11-10
• Total pages :229
• ISBN : 1728181607

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) enable rapid networks and services innovation for all participants in the ecosystem Decoupling network functions from the underlying physical infrastructure using virtualization technologies enables Service innovation SDN allows programmability of the NFV infrastructure to support the deployment of new network functions in a variety of environments including campus & enterprise networks, data centers, telecommunications networks providers, cloud providers and over the top (OTT) applications & services NFV enables network capacity and functionality to be decoupled, allowing network functions to be dynamically deployed

• Author : John Donovan,Krish Prabhu
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2017-06-26
• Total pages :427
• ISBN : 9781351804684

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : From the Foreword: "This book lays out much of what we’ve learned at AT&T about SDN and NFV. Some of the smartest network experts in the industry have drawn a map to help you navigate this journey. Their goal isn’t to predict the future but to help you design and build a network that will be ready for whatever that future holds. Because if there’s one thing the last decade has taught us, it’s that network demand will always exceed expectations. This book will help you get ready." —Randall Stephenson, Chairman, CEO, and President of AT&T "Software is changing the world, and networks too. In this in-depth book, AT&T's top networking experts discuss how they're moving software-defined networking from concept to practice, and why it's a business imperative to do this rapidly." —Urs Hölzle, SVP Cloud Infrastructure, Google "Telecom operators face a continuous challenge for more agility to serve their customers with a better customer experience and a lower cost. This book is a very inspiring and vivid testimony of the huge transformation this means, not only for the networks but for the entire companies, and how AT&T is leading it. It provides a lot of very deep insights about the technical challenges telecom engineers are facing today. Beyond AT&T, I’m sure this book will be extremely helpful to the whole industry." —Alain Maloberti, Group Chief Network Officer, Orange Labs Networks "This new book should be read by any organization faced with a future driven by a "shift to software." It is a holistic view of how AT&T has transformed its core infrastructure from hardware based to largely software based to lower costs and speed innovation. To do so, AT&T had to redefine their technology supply chain, retrain their workforce, and move toward open source user-driven innovation; all while managing one of the biggest networks in the world. It is an amazing feat that will put AT&T in a leading position for years to come." —Jim Zemlin, Executive Director, The Linux Foundation This book is based on the lessons learned from AT&T’s software transformation journey starting in 2012 when rampant traffic growth necessitated a change in network architecture and design. Using new technologies such as NFV, SDN, Cloud, and Big Data, AT&T’s engineers outlined and implemented a radical network transformation program that dramatically reduced capital and operating expenditures. This book describes the transformation in substantial detail. The subject matter is of great interest to telecom professionals worldwide, as well as academic researchers looking to apply the latest techniques in computer science to solving telecom’s big problems around scalability, resilience, and survivability.

• Author : William Stallings
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2015-10-27
• Total pages :544
• ISBN : 9780134176024

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Foundations of Modern Networking is a comprehensive, unified survey of modern networking technology and applications for today’s professionals, managers, and students. Dr. William Stallings offers clear and well-organized coverage of five key technologies that are transforming networks: Software-Defined Networks (SDN), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), Quality of Experience (QoE), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloudbased services. Dr. Stallings reviews current network ecosystems and the challenges they face–from Big Data and mobility to security and complexity. Next, he offers complete, self-contained coverage of each new set of technologies: how they work, how they are architected, and how they can be applied to solve real problems. Dr. Stallings presents a chapter-length analysis of emerging security issues in modern networks. He concludes with an up-to date discussion of networking careers, including important recent changes in roles and skill requirements. Coverage: Elements of the modern networking ecosystem: technologies, architecture, services, and applications Evolving requirements of current network environments SDN: concepts, rationale, applications, and standards across data, control, and application planes OpenFlow, OpenDaylight, and other key SDN technologies Network functions virtualization: concepts, technology, applications, and software defined infrastructure Ensuring customer Quality of Experience (QoE) with interactive video and multimedia network traffic Cloud networking: services, deployment models, architecture, and linkages to SDN and NFV IoT and fog computing in depth: key components of IoT-enabled devices, model architectures, and example implementations Securing SDN, NFV, cloud, and IoT environments Career preparation and ongoing education for tomorrow’s networking careers Key Features: Strong coverage of unifying principles and practical techniques More than a hundred figures that clarify key concepts Web support at williamstallings.com/Network/ QR codes throughout, linking to the website and other resources Keyword/acronym lists, recommended readings, and glossary Margin note definitions of key words throughout the text

• Author : Thomas D. Nadeau,Ken Gray
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-08-08
• Total pages :384
• ISBN : 9781449342449

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Explore the emerging definitions, protocols, and standards for SDN—software-defined, software-driven, programmable networks—with this comprehensive guide. Two senior network engineers show you what’s required for building networks that use software for bi-directional communication between applications and the underlying network infrastructure. This vendor-agnostic book also presents several SDN use cases, including bandwidth scheduling and manipulation, input traffic and triggered actions, as well as some interesting use cases around big data, data center overlays, and network-function virtualization. Discover how enterprises and service providers alike are pursuing SDN as it continues to evolve. Explore the current state of the OpenFlow model and centralized network control Delve into distributed and central control, including data plane generation Examine the structure and capabilities of commercial and open source controllers Survey the available technologies for network programmability Trace the modern data center from desktop-centric to highly distributed models Discover new ways to connect instances of network-function virtualization and service chaining Get detailed information on constructing and maintaining an SDN network topology Examine an idealized SDN framework for controllers, applications, and ecosystems

• Author : Dijiang Huang,Ankur Chowdhary,Sandeep Pisharody
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-12-07
• Total pages :328
• ISBN : 9781351210751

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : This book provides readers insights into cyber maneuvering or adaptive and intelligent cyber defense. It describes the required models and security supporting functions that enable the analysis of potential threats, detection of attacks, and implementation of countermeasures while expending attacker resources and preserving user experience. This book not only presents significant education-oriented content, but uses advanced content to reveal a blueprint for helping network security professionals design and implement a secure Software-Defined Infrastructure (SDI) for cloud networking environments. These solutions are a less intrusive alternative to security countermeasures taken at the host level and offer centralized control of the distributed network. The concepts, techniques, and strategies discussed in this book are ideal for students, educators, and security practitioners looking for a clear and concise text to avant-garde cyber security installations or simply to use as a reference. Hand-on labs and lecture slides are located at http://virtualnetworksecurity.thothlab.com/. Features Discusses virtual network security concepts Considers proactive security using moving target defense Reviews attack representation models based on attack graphs and attack trees Examines service function chaining in virtual networks with security considerations Recognizes machine learning and AI in network security

• Author : Paul Goransson,Chuck Black,Timothy Culver
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-10-25
• Total pages :436
• ISBN : 9780128045794

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Software Defined Networks: A Comprehensive Approach, Second Edition provides in-depth coverage of the technologies collectively known as Software Defined Networking (SDN). The book shows how to explain to business decision-makers the benefits and risks in shifting parts of a network to the SDN model, when to integrate SDN technologies in a network, and how to develop or acquire SDN applications. In addition, the book emphasizes the parts of the technology that encourage opening up the network, providing treatment for alternative approaches to SDN that expand the definition of SDN as networking vendors adopt traits of SDN to their existing solutions. Since the first edition was published, the SDN market has matured, and is being gradually integrated and morphed into something more compatible with mainstream networking vendors. This book reflects these changes, with coverage of the OpenDaylight controller and its support for multiple southbound protocols, the Inclusion of NETCONF in discussions on controllers and devices, expanded coverage of NFV, and updated coverage of the latest approved version (1.5.1) of the OpenFlow specification. Contains expanded coverage of controllers Includes a new chapter on NETCONF and SDN Presents expanded coverage of SDN in optical networks Provides support materials for use in computer networking courses

• Author : Shao Ying Zhu,Sandra Scott-Hayward,Ludovic Jacquin,Richard Hill
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2017-11-10
• Total pages :331
• ISBN : 9783319646534

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : This book highlights the importance of security in the design, development and deployment of systems based on Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), together referred to as SDNFV. Presenting a comprehensive guide to the application of security mechanisms in the context of SDNFV, the content spans fundamental theory, practical solutions, and potential applications in future networks. Topics and features: introduces the key security challenges of SDN, NFV and Cloud Computing, providing a detailed tutorial on NFV security; discusses the issue of trust in SDN/NFV environments, covering roots of trust services, and proposing a technique to evaluate trust by exploiting remote attestation; reviews a range of specific SDNFV security solutions, including a DDoS detection and remediation framework, and a security policy transition framework for SDN; describes the implementation of a virtual home gateway, and a project that combines dynamic security monitoring with big-data analytics to detect network-wide threats; examines the security implications of SDNFV in evolving and future networks, from network-based threats to Industry 4.0 machines, to the security requirements for 5G; investigates security in the Observe, Orient, Decide and Act (OODA) paradigm, and proposes a monitoring solution for a Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture; includes review questions in each chapter, to test the reader’s understanding of each of the key concepts described. This informative and practical volume is an essential resource for researchers interested in the potential of SDNFV systems to address a broad range of network security challenges. The work will also be of great benefit to practitioners wishing to design secure next-generation communication networks, or to develop new security-related mechanisms for SDNFV systems.

• Author : Joel Padilla Pinedo
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2020
• Total pages :229
• ISBN : OCLC:1224093342

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Future 5G networks open a new spectrum of possibilities, both at the level of services it can offer, and at the level of its deployment. This thesis aims to make a study of some of the technologies that make possible the arrival of 5G, such as virtualization and virtualization applied to networks, NFV. In order to better understand the defined standard for NFV, the analysis of market NFV-MANO available tools is included. In addition, the study and evaluation of the deployment process of a virtualized 5G network scenario has been performed with HPE NFV Director.

• Author : Patricia A. Morreale,James M. Anderson
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2014-12-03
• Total pages :186
• ISBN : 9781482238631

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : Software Defined Networking: Design and Deployment provides a comprehensive treatment of software defined networking (SDN) suitable for new network managers and experienced network professionals. Presenting SDN in context with more familiar network services and challenges, this accessible text: Explains the importance of virtualization, particularly the impact of virtualization on servers and networks Addresses SDN, with an emphasis on the network control plane Discusses SDN implementation and the impact on service providers, legacy networks, and network vendors Contains a case study on Google’s initial implementation of SDN Investigates OpenFlow, the hand-in-glove partner of SDN Looks forward toward more programmable networks and the languages needed to manage these environments Software Defined Networking: Design and Deployment offers a unique perspective of the business case and technology motivations for considering SDN solutions. By identifying the impact of SDN on traffic management and the potential for network service growth, this book instills the knowledge needed to manage current and future demand and provisioning for SDN.

• Author : Rajesh Vanchipura,K.S. Jiji
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-08-06
• Total pages :1038
• ISBN : 9781351124126

GET BOOK HERE

Summary : The International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICETEST) was held at the Government Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, India, from 18th to 20th January 2018, with the theme, “Society, Energy and Environment”, covering related topics in the areas of Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computer Science and Architecture. Conflict between energy and environment has been of global significance in recent years. Academic research needs to support the industry and society through socially and environmentally sustainable outcomes. ICETEST 2018 was organized with this specific objective. The conference provided a platform for researchers from different domains, to discuss and disseminate their findings. Outstanding speakers, faculties, and scholars from different parts of the world presented their research outcomes in modern technologies using sustainable technologies.