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• Author : Raivo Jaaniso,Ooi Kiang Tan
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-08-31
• Total pages :576
• ISBN : 9780857098665

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Summary : Semiconductor gas sensors have a wide range of applications in safety, process control, environmental monitoring, indoor or cabin air quality and medical diagnosis. This important book summarises recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. The first part of the book reviews the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms for n- and p-type oxide semiconductors, introduces the theory for nanosize materials and describes the role of electrode–semiconductor interfaces. The second part of the book describes recent developments in silicon carbide- and graphene-based gas sensors, wide bandgap semiconductor gas sensors and micromachined and direct thermoelectric gas sensors. Part 3 discusses the use of nanomaterials for gas sensing, including metal oxide nanostructures, quantum dots, single-alled carbon nanotubes and porous silicon. The final part of the book surveys key applications in environmental monitoring, detecting chemical warfare agents and monitoring gases such as carbon dioxide. Semiconductor gas sensors is a valuable reference work for all those involved in gas monitoring, including those in the building industry, environmental engineers, defence and security specialists and researchers in this field. Provides an overview of resistor and non-resistor sensors Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including graphene based sensors and direct thermoelectric sensors Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing

• Author : Raivo Jaaniso,Ooi Kiang Tan
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-08-31
• Total pages :576
• ISBN : 0857092367

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Summary : Semiconductor gas sensors have a wide range of applications in safety, process control, environmental monitoring, indoor or cabin air quality and medical diagnosis. This important book summarises recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. The first part of the book reviews the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms for n- and p-type oxide semiconductors, introduces the theory for nanosize materials and describes the role of electrode-semiconductor interfaces. The second part of the book describes recent developments in silicon carbide- and graphene-based gas sensors, wide bandgap semiconductor gas sensors and micromachined and direct thermoelectric gas sensors. Part 3 discusses the use of nanomaterials for gas sensing, including metal oxide nanostructures, quantum dots, single-alled carbon nanotubes and porous silicon. The final part of the book surveys key applications in environmental monitoring, detecting chemical warfare agents and monitoring gases such as carbon dioxide. Semiconductor gas sensors is a valuable reference work for all those involved in gas monitoring, including those in the building industry, environmental engineers, defence and security specialists and researchers in this field. Provides an overview of resistor and non-resistor sensors Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including graphene based sensors and direct thermoelectric sensors Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing

• Author : Yonghui Deng
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019-01-24
• Total pages :246
• ISBN : 9789811358531

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Summary : This book focuses on the use of semiconducting metal oxides as gas sensing materials, including the sensing mechanism and sensing materials modification approach, while also providing a comprehensive introduction to semiconductor gas sensing devices. As an essential part of IoT (Internet of things), gas sensors have shown great significance and promising prospects. Therefore, studies on semiconducting metal oxides, one of the most important gas sensing materials, have increasingly attracted attention from various disciplines. The book offers a valuable reference guide to metal oxide gas sensing materials for undergraduate and graduate students alike. It will also benefit all researchers who investigate metal oxides nanomaterials synthesis and gas sensing with relevant frontier theories and concepts. Engineers working on research and development for semiconductor gas sensors will also find new ideas in sensor design.

• Author : Valentyn Smyntyna
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-01-01
• Total pages :139
• ISBN : 1628084588

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Summary : This book examines the potential application of semiconductor materials for gas sensor production on the basis of their fundamental, theoretical, and experimental studies. Some of these materials or their composites were applied for semiconductor gas sensor production for the first time. Special attention is paid to the model materials A2B6, which are used in the form of films with biographic surface as well as with the surface doped by donor (In, Cd, Sn, Pt, Pd etc.) and acceptor (Se and others) particles. Results of application of metal-oxide materials as adsorptionally sensitive elements are also represented in this book. These elements were produced and tested in the form of simple oxides (as SnO2, In2O3, for example) as well as in the form of composite oxide metal complexes (SnWO4, ZnO:In2O3 etc.). The book examines in detail the influence of doping on different materials and their adsorption sensitivity, persistence, selectivity, dynamic and kinetic characteristics, and other parameters. Results of thorough studies of degradation of semiconductor sensor material characteristics, when in working gas atmospheres, are represented in a special section of the book. Adsorptionally sensitive parameters of amorphous silicon, micro-, macro- and nanoporous silicon are examined and results of Si structure testing as gas sensors are also discussed in this book.

• Author : G. Sberveglieri
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-12-06
• Total pages :409
• ISBN : 9789401127370

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Summary : There were two reasons that induced me to plan and to organize this book, the first was the lack of a text entirely devoted to the subject of gas sensors, notwithstanding some books devoted to the various kind of chemical sensors have recently been published. The second reason was the need of introducing the basic topics of gas detection mechanisms to a growing number of researchers active in research and development laboratories of industries and uni versities. The field of chemical sensors is indeed in fast and consistent growth, as it is proved by the increased number of participants to the congresses that were recently held on this subject, namely the Third Meeting on Chemical Sensors (September 24 - 26, 1990, Cleveland), Transducers' 91 (June 24 - 27, 1991, S. Francisco) and EUROSENSORS V (September 30 - October 3, 1991, Rome). Therefore, this book is mainly intended as a reference text for researchers with a MS degree in physics, chemistry and electrical engineering; it reports the last progresses in the R. & D. and in the technology of gas sensors. I choose to deal specifically with the topic of gas sensors because these devices show a very large number of applications in the domestic and industrial field and they are characterized by a great effort of research and development.

• Author : Nicolae Barsan,Klaus Schierbaum
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-10-17
• Total pages :292
• ISBN : 9780128112250

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Summary : Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Metal Oxides: Basic Understanding, Technology and Applications focuses on two distinct types of gas sensors based on conducting metal oxides. Ion conduction, applied in so-called solid-state electrolytic sensors for one, and electronic conduction used in semiconductivity gas sensors for the other. The well-known λ–probe, a key component to optimize combustion in car engines, is an example of the former type, and the in-cabin car air-quality control SnO2 and WO2 sensor array stands for the semiconductivity type. Chapters cover basic aspects of functioning principles and describe the technologies and challenges of present and future sensors. Provides reader background and context on sensors, principles, fabrication and applications Includes chapters on specific technological applications, such as exhaust sensors, environmental sensors, explosive gases alarms and more Presents a structured presentation that allows for quick reference of vital information

• Author : Fan Ren,Stephen J Pearton
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-04-19
• Total pages :324
• ISBN : 9781439813881

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Summary : Sales of U.S. chemical sensors represent the largest segment of the multi-billion-dollar global sensor market, which includes instruments for chemical detection in gases and liquids, biosensors, and medical sensors. Although silicon-based devices have dominated the field, they are limited by their general inability to operate in harsh environments

• Author : Ghenadii Korotcenkov
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-09-18
• Total pages :442
• ISBN : 9781461471653

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Summary : The two volumes of Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials provide a detailed and comprehensive account of materials for gas sensors, including the properties and relative advantages of various materials. Since these sensors can be applied for the automation of myriad industrial processes, as well as for everyday monitoring of such activities as public safety, engine performance, medical therapeutics, and in many other situations, this handbook is of great value. Gas sensor designers will find a treasure trove of material in these two books.

• Author : Dinesh K. Aswal,Shiv K. Gupta
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2007
• Total pages :380
• ISBN : 1600215149

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Summary : Gas sensor technology has advanced remarkably during past few decades and has become one of the indispensable technologies for modern society. Varieties of gas sensors are commercially available and, using innovative ideas, efforts are being made to develop gas sensors of next generation having very small size with very low power consumption. The ultimate model for this is probably given by sensory organs of our own body, which are implanted finely and work well with a very modest amount of energy. In order to achieve this goal, it is essential that various aspects of gas sensors are seriously considered. These include understanding of gas sensing mechanisms, development of new materials and methods to synthesise them into selective sensors, innovations in nanostructured materials, measurement methods, microfabrication of sensors, exploring intelligent sensing system, etc. This book examines these issues pertaining to chemiresistive gas sensors.

• Author : Claus-Dieter Kohl,Thorsten Wagner
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2014-08-18
• Total pages :342
• ISBN : 9783642545191

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Summary : This volume, which addresses various basic sensor principles, covers micro gravimetric sensors, semiconducting and nano tube sensors, calorimetric sensors and optical sensors. Furthermore, the authors discuss recent developments in the related sensitive layers including new properties of nano structured metal oxide layers. They provide in-depth insights into the unique chemistry and signal generation of copper oxide in percolating sensors and present a variety of applications of functional polymers made possible by proper imprinting. Highlights of the subjects covered include: • requirements for high-temperature sensors • carbon nano tube sensors • new sensing model for nanostructured In2O3 • bio mimetic approach for semiconductor sensor-based systems • optical readout for inorganic and organic semiconductor sensors • concept of virtual multisensors to improve specificity and selectivity • calorimetric sensors for hydrogen peroxide detection • percolation effect-based sensors to implement dosimeters • imprinted polymer layers for bulk and surface acoustic wave sensors

• Author : Marcelo Rubén Pagnola,Jairo Useche Vivero,Andres Guillermo Marrugo
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2018-10-10
• Total pages :160
• ISBN : 9781789841732

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Summary : A fundamental part of modern technology is composed of devices that use special materials as main components. Since the last few decades of the last century and even more recently, a remarkable development has been achieved in new micro- and nanostructured materials with compositional structures and production methods that open unprecedented technological, economic, and ecological perspectives due to high yields, economies of scale, the possibility of reducing weight and size, and the low environmental impact of the equipment that contains them. This book offers a collection of excellent studies that use state-of-the-art methodologies developed by professional researchers from different countries in diverse areas of materials. In this way, this book is particularly useful to academics, scientists, practicing researchers, and postgraduate students whose work relates to the latest nanomaterial technologies.

• Author : P. T. Moseley,B. C. Tofield
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :1987
• Total pages :245
• ISBN : UOM:39015048112307

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Summary : An overview of the principles & current technology of the main sensor types used for flammable gas detection, oxygen monitoring in combustion & car-exhaust control. Also includes toxic gas monitoring. A companion volume to Techniques & Mechanisms in Gas Sensing.

• Author : Fan Ren,Stephen J Pearton
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-08-26
• Total pages :496
• ISBN : 9789813146747

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Summary : This book provides a comprehensive summary of the status of emerging sensor technologies and provides a framework for future advances in the field. Chemical sensors have gained in importance in the past decade for applications that include homeland security, medical and environmental monitoring and also food safety. A desirable goal is the ability to simultaneously analyze a wide variety of environmental and biological gases and liquids in the field and to be able to selectively detect a target analyte with high specificity and sensitivity. The goal is to realize real-time, portable and inexpensive chemical and biological sensors and to use these as monitors for handheld gas, environmental pollutant, exhaled breath, saliva, urine, or blood, with wireless capability. In the medical area, frequent screening can catch the early development of diseases, reduce the suffering of patients due to late diagnoses, and lower the medical cost. For example, a 96% survival rate has been predicted in breast cancer patients if the frequency of screening is every three months. This frequency cannot be achieved with current methods of mammography due to high cost to the patient and invasiveness (radiation). In the area of detection of medical biomarkers, many different methods, including enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA), particle-based flow cytometric assays, electrochemical measurements based on impedance and capacitance, electrical measurement of microcantilever resonant frequency change, and conductance measurement of semiconductor nanostructures, gas chromatography (GC), ion chromatography, high density peptide arrays, laser scanning quantitiative analysis, chemiluminescence, selected ion flow tube (SIFT), nanomechanical cantilevers, bead-based suspension microarrays, magnetic biosensors and mass spectrometry (MS) have been employed. Depending on the sample condition, these methods may show variable results in terms of sensitivity for some applications and may not meet the requirements for a handheld biosensor.

• Author : M.-I. Baraton
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2008-11-25
• Total pages :497
• ISBN : 9781402090097

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Summary : The NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensors for Environment, Health and Security: Advanced Materials and Technology” was held in Vichy (France) on September 16–27, 2007 where more than 65 participants, ranging from Ph. D. students to experienced senior scientists, met and exchanged ideas and know-how in a friendly atmosphere. The present book intends to cover the main topics of this NATO ASI through 32 chapters distributed over two parts (Part I: “Materials and Technologies” and Part II: “Applications to Environment, Health and Security”). The scientific programme of the NATO ASI consisted in 28 1-hour lectures given by 14 invited lecturers, 5 additional 1-hour lectures given by seminar speakers, 22 oral presentations by selected ASI participants and a poster session. The programme was divided into four sessions: (1) Advanced materials and technologies; (2) Sensors for environment; (3) Sensors for health; (4) Sensors for security. During the “Advanced Materials and Technologies” session (Part I of the present book), the lectures were dedicated to critical analyses of current methods for the synthesis of materials, nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, ...) and nanocomposites to be used for the fabrication of sensing devices, mainly semiconductor sensors. Among the synthesis methods, chemical (sol-gel, etc. ) and physical methods (laser deposition, DC magnetron sputtering, etc. ) were discussed. Several lectures addressed characterization techniques and it was concluded that the physical and chemical control of the materials/nanomaterials, including surface chemistry, remains a key issue for the reproducibility of the final device.

• Author : G. Eranna
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2016-04-19
• Total pages :336
• ISBN : 9781439863411

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Summary : Metal Oxide Nanostructures as Gas Sensing Devices explores the development of an integrated micro gas sensor that is based on advanced metal oxide nanostructures and is compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication technology. This sensor can then be used to create a compact, low-power, handheld device for analyzing air ambience. The book first covers current gas sensing tools and discusses the necessity for miniaturized sensors. It then focuses on the materials, devices, and techniques used for gas sensing applications, such as resistance and capacitance variations. The author addresses the issues of sensitivity, concentration, and temperature dependency as well as the response and recovery times crucial for sensors. He also presents techniques for synthesizing different metal oxides, particularly those with nanodimensional structures. The text goes on to highlight the gas sensing properties of many nanostructured metal oxides, from aluminum and cerium to iron and titanium to zinc and zirconium. The final chapters deal with existing and future devices that are based on nanostructures. Miniaturized systems that analyze air ambience need sensors capable of identifying different gaseous species. Exploring state-of-the-art gas sensing devices, this book shows how nanostructured metal oxides are ideally suited for use as gas sensing elements.

• Author : Daniel A. Bernards,Róisín M. Owens,George G. Malliaras
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2008-02-22
• Total pages :290
• ISBN : 3540763147

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Summary : Organic semiconductors offer unique characteristics which have prompted the application of organic semiconductors and their devices in physical, chemical, and biological sensors. This book covers this emerging field by discussing both optically- and electrically-based sensor concepts. Novel transducers based on organic light-emitting diodes and organic thin-film transistors, as well as systems-on-a-chip architectures are presented. Functionalization techniques are also outlined.

• Author : Florinel-Gabriel Banica
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2012-08-15
• Total pages :576
• ISBN : 9781118354230

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Summary : Key features include: Self-assessment questions and exercises Chapters start with essential principles, then go on to addressmore advanced topics More than 1300 references to direct the reader to keyliterature and further reading Highly illustrated with 450 figures, including chemicalstructures and reactions, functioning principles, constructivedetails and response characteristics Chemical sensors are self-contained analytical devices thatprovide real-time information on chemical composition. A chemicalsensor integrates two distinct functions: recognition andtransduction. Such devices are widely used for a variety ofapplications, including clinical analysis, environment monitoringand monitoring of industrial processes. This text provides anup-to-date survey of chemical sensor science and technology, with agood balance between classical aspects and contemporary trends.Topics covered include: Structure and properties of recognition materials and reagents,including synthetic, biological and biomimetic materials,microorganisms and whole-cells Physicochemical basis of various transduction methods(electrical, thermal, electrochemical, optical, mechanical andacoustic wave-based) Auxiliary materials used e.g. synthetic and natural polymers,inorganic materials, semiconductors, carbon and metallicmaterials properties and applications of advanced materials (particularlynanomaterials) in the production of chemical sensors andbiosensors Advanced manufacturing methods Sensors obtained by combining particular transduction andrecognition methods Mathematical modeling of chemical sensor processes Suitable as a textbook for graduate and final year undergraduatestudents, and also for researchers in chemistry, biology, physics,physiology, pharmacology and electronic engineering, this bookisvaluable to anyone interested in the field of chemical sensors andbiosensors.

• Author : Sher Bahadar Khan,Kalsoom Akhtar
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019-01-23
• Total pages :122
• ISBN : 9781789850239

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Summary : This book focuses on the chemical structure and applications of CeO2. It covers the recent developments in a wide range of CeO2 applications, particularly catalysis corrosion protection, fuel cells, sensors, and UV-blocking. It also provides a concise but thorough coverage of the chemical structure and applications of CeO2. Thus, this book provides an overview of chemical structure, applications, and recent attributes of CeO2 for a broad audience, including beginners, graduate students, and specialists in both academic and industrial sectors.

• Author : Tetsuro Seiyama
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2013-10-22
• Total pages :267
• ISBN : 9781483291789

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Summary : Chemical Sensor Technology is a series of annual reviews reporting the latest progress being made in research and technology, both basic and applied, regarding chemical sensors. Chemical sensors continue to grow rapidly in importance encompassing a broad spectrum of technologies covering safety, pollution, fuel economy, medical engineering and industrial processes. Various types of chemical sensors have been devised for detection and monitoring of chemical substances in gases, solutions and organisms, and much work is being done to produce sensitive, selective, reliable and inexpensive sensors. The series aims at contributing to the progress of research and development of chemical sensors. Contributors to the individual volumes are carefully selected by an international editorial board who ensure that as many innovative studies as possible are included. Each article describes a specific topic and is the original work of an expert working in the front lines of chemical sensor research. Contributors are encouraged to describe not only the academic or technological essence of the subject, but also the background and philosophy, evaluation and achievements and future problems. In this way, each topic is described in sufficient depth so as to be useful and stimulating to readers.

• Author : Mohammed Rahman,Abdullah Mohammed Asiri
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2017-05-31
• Total pages :170
• ISBN : 9789535131939

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Summary : This book Electrochemical Sensors Technology mostly reviews the modem methods and significant electrochemical and electroanalytical applications of chemical sensors and biosensors. Chapters of this book are invited and contributed from the experts throughout the world from prominent researchers and scientists in the field of sensors and in the field of electro- and biochemistry. Each chapter provides technical and methodological details beyond the level found in typical journal articles or reviews and explores the application of chemical sensors, environmental sensors, and biosensors to a significant problem in biomedical and environmental science, also providing a prospectus for the future. This book compiles with the expert knowledge of many specialists in the construction and use of chemical sensors and biosensors including chemical sensors, biological sensors, DNA sensors, immunosensors, gaseous sensors, ionic sensors, bioassay sensors, lab-on-chips, devices, portable sensors, microchips, nanosensors, implantable microsensors, and so on in the field of fundamental and applied electrochemistry. Highlights and importance are laid on real or practical problems, ranging from chemical application to biomedical monitoring, from in vitro to in vivo, and from single cell to animal to human measurement. This offers a unique opportunity of exchanging and combining the scientist or researcher in electrochemical sensors in largely chemistry, biological engineering, electronic engineering, and biomedical and physiological fields.

• Author : Dean R. Walters
• Publisher :Unknown
• Release Date :2019
• Total pages :136
• ISBN : 1085799123

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Summary : A program of research was undertaken to develop the next generation of metal oxide gas sensors, which, for the purpose of this research, were made from materials using a unique approach of glancing angle deposition (GLAD) that is scalable to large scale production. This research seeks to demonstrate that high-sensitivity sensors can be produced. The sensors were examined in a test system of novel design in which the units underwent performance measurements using analyte gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water.Gas sensors can be improved by increasing the surface area of the active sensing media, and in this research the active surface is increased by forming the active material that is made of NiO into 1D nanopillars. A unique technique, which integrates magnetron sputtering with a variant of GLAD to deposit an array of NiO nanopillars, is described. The deposition angle is increased to 90° (i.e., the magnetron gun axis is parallel to the target surface), and reactive sputtering is used to make NiO nanostructures. The nanopillars made by fully orthogonal glancing angle deposition ("ortho-GLAD") are produced by NiO adatom scattering above the surface sample. In the study, different materials (i.e., Al, Nichrome A, Sn, and NiO) were tested to see if nanopillars could be made. Other investigators believe that there is a relationship between the length of the pillar and its width, so by using a plasma on the sample, the researcher investigated whether the width can be modified independently of the length by changing the adatom surface mobility. The coatings were analyzed using SEM, EDS, and XRD and show the composition and morphology of the materials.The research also describes the performance of an NiO gas sensor that was composed of an array of nanopillars. These nanopillars were made using a combination of GLAD and reactive sputtering. The material was analyzed using a number of characterization techniques, which identified it to be nearly stoichiometric NiO. Measurements of the nanopillars show them to be 50 nm across with lengths of 400 nm. Sensors were made using this process and were tested using carbon dioxide, ethanol, nitrogen, and water vapor. The threshold of sensing for CO2 is 1.6 x 10−3 torr at 305 °C, 6 x 10−4 torr at 310 °C for ethanol, and 6 x 10−4 torr at 330 °C for water vapor.